In today’s fast-paced world, we all struggle with feeling a little tired from time to time. But what happens when tiredness turns into exhaustion? And when that exhaustion doesn’t resolve no matter how much you rest?
Unfortunately, this is the reality for a growing number of people suffering from a complicated and invisible illness known as chronic fatigue syndrome.
And if you or a loved one has been diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome, chances are you’re all too familiar with how challenging it is to manage and treat this debilitating condition.
Recently, more research has been published that may bring us a little closer to identifying the culprit responsible for causing chronic fatigue syndrome – the vagus nerve. Let’s take a look at the fascinating research behind how the vagus nerve can cause chronic fatigue – and how it might just be the answer to beating this complicated disorder.
What Is Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)?
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis, is characterized by unrelenting and persistent fatigue that doesn’t seem to resolve regardless of how much rest you get. While the name chronic fatigue syndrome is rather self-explanatory, this condition is anything but straightforward.
CFS is a complicated disorder that is often difficult to diagnose due to it’s vague and seemingly unrelated (or common) symptoms.
In fact, “chronic fatigue syndrome” is not even a diagnosis in itself. Instead, it’s often used as a label to discern a cluster of symptoms stemming from an underlying condition that has not been identified. Typically, in order to reach a diagnosis of CFS, many other potential conditions must be ruled out.
CFS symptoms often have a slow onset and mimic other disorders such as sleep deprivation, adrenal burnout, or hypothyroidism. Therefore, these must be excluded before reaching a diagnosis of CFS.
Symptoms of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
As the name implies, chronic and persistent fatigue is the overarching symptom accompanied by this diagnosis. But there are officially nine signs and symptoms associated with CFS which are:1
- Fatigue
- Loss of memory or concentration
- Sore throat
- Enlarged lymph nodes in your neck or armpits
- Unexplained muscle pain
- Pain that moves from one joint to another without swelling or redness
- Headaches of a new type, pattern, or severity
- Unrefreshing sleep
- Extreme exhaustion lasting more than 24 hours after physical or mental exercise
With the combination of all these symptoms, it’s easy to see how CFS is a debilitating condition.
What Causes Chronic Fatigue Syndrome?
Identifying the underlying cause of CFS is where things get even trickier. Several contributing factors have been speculated to be the root cause of CFS, which are: 2,3,4
- Poor immune system response
- Viral infections
- Increased activity in mast cells
- Food allergies and sensitivities
- Oxidative stress
- Hormonal imbalances
Nearly all of these potential underlying causes share a common pathway of inflammation and immune activation. And research is finding that once we can identify exactly where that inflammation and immune activation is coming from may be the key to pinpointing the cause of CFS.
One leading theory is that a viral infection is triggering the inflammation and immune activation associated with CFS. Exactly where is this possible infection located? The vagus nerve.
The Vagus Nerve: Where Is It & What Does It Do?
The human body contains 12 cranial nerves. These nerves connect the brain to the rest of the body – allowing the body to communicate sensory information (sights, smells, and sensations) to the brain. They also allow the brain to send messages and control motor functions – like the movement of muscles or the function of different glands.
The vagus nerve is the longest cranial nerve, extending from your brainstem all the way to your colon. The vagus nerve is like your body’s communication superhighway – connecting your brain to nearly all of your internal organs and coordinating communication between them.
Some of the functions of the vagus nerve is responsible for are:
- Relaying sensory information from the abdomen, heart, lungs, and throat
- Providing taste sensation behind the tongue
- Movement for the muscles that aid in swallowing and talking
- Facilitating the function and movement of the digestive tract, lungs, and heart
- Orchestrating communication between the gut-brain axis
- Coordinating the production and release of certain neurotransmitters and hormones
It’s also the primary control for the body's parasympathetic nervous system. When stimulated, the vagus nerve acts on the parasympathetic nervous system by transitioning into “rest and digest” mode by:
- Slowing heart rate
- Decreasing blood pressure
- Slowing breathing
- Increasing digestion
If the vagus nerve becomes irritated or overstimulated, it can essentially cause your body's entire communication system to go haywire. This is important because infection can lead to inflammation, which leads to an irritated vagus nerve, which then sends mixed or incorrect messages to the rest of the body.
The Link Between the Vagus Nerve & Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
The vagus nerve wanders down the body, innervating the esophagus, lungs, stomach, and spleen. All of these organs could potentially be harboring a latent form of certain viruses that most of us have been exposed to at one point or another such as:5
- Herpes virus
- Cytomegalovirus
- Epstein Barr virus
When these viruses are reactivated, they trigger cells known as glial cells that launch an attack to disarm the virus. These glial cells are designed to surround and protect the vagus nerve – both structurally and as an important component in nervous system signalling.6
When triggered, they release a cocktail of inflammation-causing compounds. These chemicals release signals to the vagus nerve that an infection is present and tells the brain to initiate “sickness behavior”.
We’re all familiar with what “sickness behavior” is when we’re feeling under the weather. You get really tired – feeling wiped out even after minor activity. You might get achy and struggle to concentrate. Your throat might get sore and you might have trouble getting a restful night’s sleep.
If you scroll back up and take a peek at the cardinal symptoms associated with CFS, you might notice that they’re nearly identical to those associated with “sickness behavior.”
Vagus Nerve Infection Treatment
One of the biggest challenges when it comes to treating an infection of the vagus nerve is that it’s just plain challenging to pinpoint and treat. An infection in the vagus nerve does not necessarily show up in blood tests and it’s impossible to biopsy the vagus nerve.
Some researchers conducting animal studies have proposed glial cell inhibitors paired with antivirals to treat an underlying vagus nerve infection as a treatment in CFS. But more research is needed to fully understand if these medications could truly provide a solution.
Fortunately, from a functional medicine standpoint, there are some things you can do to address the underlying cause of CFS while also minimizing symptoms.
How to Fight Your Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
The foundation of treating any chronic illness – especially CFS – is minimizing overall inflammation while giving your immune system the support it needs. So here's what I suggest.
Rule Out & Address Other Issues First
To fight off an underlying infection, your immune system needs to be firing on all cylinders. By addressing and treating any issues that may be taxing or suppressing your immune system – such as an overload of environmental toxins, food sensitivities, or heavy metal exposure – you can then direct all of your immune systems resources to destroy any hidden underlying infections.
Reduce Exposure to Toxins
Your home or workplace may be exposing you to countless toxins that are sending your immune system into overdrive.
I’ve written extensively on how mold and other mycotoxins can be contributing to chronic illness and how you can protect yourself. To get started I recommend the following articles:
- Is Toxic Mold Exposure The Cause Of Your Symptoms?
- Mycotoxins: The Hidden Danger Lurking In Your Kitchen
- Got Mold? Prevent Mold By Healing Your Homes Microbiome
Focus on Gut Health
Your immune system and the health of your gut are closely linked. If you have leaky gut syndrome or any other digestive issues, it’s likely that your immune system isn’t functioning at optimal levels. Focus on showing your gut some love by:
- Eliminating foods that cause inflammation like gluten, sugar, soy, corn, dairy, and refined oils
- Focus on consuming healing foods, like nutrient-dense veggies, fermented foods (like sauerkraut or kombucha), healthy fats, and bone broth
- Drinking plenty of high-quality filtered water (I recommend and personally use Boroux water filters)
- Add in some gut-healing supplements, such as Intestinal Essentials, Probiotic Daily Essentials, or Gut Immune
These practices will get your gut in shape and strengthen your immune system.
Give Your Immune System a Boost
If your immune system is constantly overtaxed, it will not be able to do its job properly. Giving your immune system some support can give it the boost it needs to better fight off any low-level hidden infections that might be causing your chronic fatigue. Some of the best ways to support your immune system are to:
- Get plenty of quality sleep: Your immune system requires plenty of restful, quality sleep to do its job properly – so shoot for at least seven hours of uninterrupted sleep each night.
- Minimize stress: Emotional stress stimulates and taxes the immune system. Finding ways to minimize stress is crucial – I recommend trying to develop a simple meditation practice.
- Take an immune-boosting supplement: When your immune system is working, it requires a lot of energy. Taking a supplement, like my Immune Booster, can give your system some extra support when it needs it.
You are your immune system’s best advocate – support your immune system and it will support you!
Next Steps If You’re Struggling With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
If you are facing a recent CFS diagnosis or are struggling with unrelenting fatigue, I encourage you to contact a functional medicine doctor well versed in treating patients with CFS.
Lifestyle changes are crucial when it comes to treating chronic illness, but I highly recommend doing so under the guidance of an experienced healthcare professional.
If you are new to the functional medicine approach and aren’t sure where to start when it comes to choosing a functional medicine practitioner, head over and read my article on How to Choose a Good Integrative and Functional Medicine Doctor.
Now it’s time to hear from you. Are you surprised to learn that a vagus nerve infection may be the root cause of CFS? If you suffer from chronic fatigue, what steps have you taken to fight back? Leave your questions and thoughts in the comments below.
References:
- http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-fatigue-syndrome/basics/definition/con-20022009
- https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/about/possible-causes.html
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11703165
- https://forums.phoenixrising.me/threads/fibromyalgia-trial-shows-promise-for-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-mast-cells-and-ketiotifen-in.59952/
- http://simmaronresearch.com/2013/12/one-theory-explain-vagus-nerve-infection-chronic-fatigue-syndrome/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23790471
The information in this article is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease state or medical condition and has not been evaluated by the <a href="https://www.fda.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">FDA</a>. This is not intended to replace any recommendations by or relationship with your physician. The references included in each article allude to the level of scientific rigor I have applied to my writing. When changes become apparent we will update the information if appropriate.
* These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. The product mentioned in this article are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. The information in this article is not intended to replace any recommendations or relationship with your physician. Please review references sited at end of article for scientific support of any claims made.
12 Comments
This is really fascinating! The “treatment” however is really no different than any other chronic illness or viral infection. We can all do well to apply these concepts on a regular basis to avoid illness and keep our bodies in top working order. I appreciate all I learn from you and am always looks forward to further expanding my knowledge.
Yes, it starts with simple things to support the immune system and reduct toxic load – clean air, clean water and clean food. Treating chronic infections and detoxification to reduce toxic load
I have been suffering from severe ME/CFS since August 2018. I have undergone treatment for SIBO and have eliminated inflammatory foods. I recently started low dose antivirals. What you have described about the vagus nerve being irritated makes perfect sense to me given my myriad symptoms. You mentioned glial cell inhibitors. What are these? Are there other natural therapies or treatments to heal the vagus nerve? Thank you for your excellent work.
I have been suffering from ME/CFS for 4 years. While your thoughts here are a n7ce start, they in no way capture the seriousness of this disease or what it takes to beat it.
Only 5% ever recover – most are sick for yeats, wheelchair boubd, housebound, or bedbound, trapped as they squandeted time on too timid practitioners and solutions while they lost jobs, health insurance and financial resources to fight this. Getting to tbe bottom of this with thorough testing and aggressive treatment is the best way out.
Though functional medicine has helped, with balancing hormones, reducing toxins, and repairing mitochondria, a functional medicine approach to infections and immune support failed miserably and I wasted thousands of $$ on treatments that looked good on paper but didn’t faze this disease. It wasn’t til I was on LDN, Valcyte, IVIG, Rituximab and POTS and MCAS meds, in addition to nutrients and hormones, that I began to steadily improve.
Calling it CFS and giving only minimal info on treatment does your readers a disservice. This disease has suffered from doctors not taking it seriously enough for too long. I did not see you at any of the 3 recent Stanford symposia or last spring’s NIH conference where all the leading clinicians and researchers were – maybe you should get a little more involved and you wouldn’t offer such lightweight advice.
So how do you treat a vagus nerve infection?
you would treat the root cause and original infection just like anywhere else but you would need to identify if it was viral, tick-borne infection or other cause.
Dear Dr Jill!! I recently discovered you as I was researching the topic of mold toxicity. Thank you so much for all of your great info on that topic and for your sincerity.
I DO NOT want to undermine you in any way, but as I read this article, I thought of my daughter, now 16. She had every one of those symptoms you described that are attributed to CFS. My daughter had been through many tests and the doctor told her that if everything came up negative, which it did with the exception of a “weak” positive bartonella test, that she would be “diagnosed” with CFS. This was so saddening and frustrating for my daughter because she knew she was really sick and they just wanted to stamp her with CFS – case solved in their opinion – but not in hers. All we could think of is WHY is she chronically fatigued? As it turns out, she has lymes disease BUT our tests here for lymes came back negative. We paid hundreds of dollars to have her blood tested at Armin Labs in Germany to finally get the positive result. Had we allowed her to be “diagnosed” with CFS, we may never have pursued the lymes diagnosis, and she would not have been treated accordingly.
Just thought I should share our story so that if anyone is very sick with those exact symptoms, like my daughter was, and a CFS diagnosis seems like a cop-out and doesn’t sit right, they may want to further investigate the possibility of lymes.
Thank you so much!
oh yes, thank you for sharing, Tammy! I have treated many cases of tick-borne infections causing vagal nerve dysfunction
What did they do to treat her Lyme’s? They threw me in as I have arthritis cause my body hurt ached everywhere but then told me they dont what to give me to treat it as I don’t fall into the 4 arthritis categories. I asked about Lyme disease but they say WA doesn’t really have it here. I said I did live in Colorado and Virginia in the last 4 yrs. But they dismissed it. I still in my gut feel like it was Lyme’s but I don’t think 3 yrs later it would show anything.
Excellent article, Jill, and something else to explore. I would invite you to check the cfids.org website. It is for both patients and doctors and has a special section for professionals. My husband was diagnosed with CFIDS some years back by a Dr. Byers out of Utah. The doctor had been researching at that time for well over 20 years.
Many parts of your articles sense. He had determined that in most CFIDS patients the immune system gets turned on and stays on. But he didn’t know why. The theory at that time was that some acute event, such as a severe illness, an accident or a traumatizing emotional event caused it to go into defense mode. The “always on” immune system forced the mitochondria in cells to work overtime, eventually damaging them and causing a chronic fatigue.
In the case of my husband there are are other weird things that contribute, such as constant production of adrenalin and something called an “aldropanine insufficiency” (I hope I’m spelling that right. I know it is aldropa–, but word could end differently.)
Anyway, enjoyed your article, and hope this was somehow helpful.
I suffered from Chronic Fatigue for many years. Despite changing my diet, taking supplements and taking really good care of myself, it wasn’t until I focused on my dental health (holistically) did I see the major change.
1) I first got a thermography test done to see if any hot spots showed up in the mouth area.
2) I then went to a holistic dental practitioner and had the issues taken care of (remove any dead teeth, root canals, remove mercury fillings appropriately, etc). Most importantly, find a dentist that uses the Huggins protocol. I traveled a great distance to get to the right dentist and it made ALL the difference.
3) Afterwards, I did a heavy metal cleanse
I started making great improvement about a month after my dental work. The Good News…no more chronic fatigue!
“Hello” I’m so thankful to have found this info, it sure does sound like the symptoms i’ve been experiencing. I will try to address this on going physical burden, but i need advice. Thank u, PH.
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