What if I told you there was a compound that could potentially treat conditions like COVID, autoimmunity, and mold toxicity? Then what if I told you that your body naturally produces a plethora of this compound on a daily basis?
The compound I’m referring to is a remarkable little molecule known as vasoactive intestinal peptide. Today we’re going dive into exactly what vasoactive intestinal peptide is, and explore some of its promising potential therapeutic uses.
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Function
Vasoactive intestinal peptide, more concisely referred to as VIP, is a polypeptide molecule composed of 28 amino acids. VIP is a potent peptide hormone that’s found in significant concentrations throughout your body – and particularly in your brain, heart, respiratory system, and endocrine organs.
Considering “intestinal” is in its name, it’s also no surprise that VIP plays a pretty hefty role in gut health. Some of the key ways VIP influences gut health include:1,2
- Enhancing gut integrity: VIP helps maintain a healthy intestinal wall by reinforcing the epithelial cells that make up that wall. It does this by promoting differentiation, proliferation, and cell adhesion of your intestinal epithelial cells.
- Supporting a healthy microbiome: VIP is antimicrobial toward certain bacteria and promotes the proliferation of beneficial gut bacteria.
- Regulating gastric secretions: VIP regulates both stomach acid secretion as well as water and ion absorption in the large intestine.
- Promoting healthy digestion: VIP aids proper peristalsis by inhibiting smooth muscle contraction and by triggering mucus secretion by Goblet cells.
It’s easy to see why VIP is so important to gut health – but the gut isn’t the only function this mighty molecule impacts.
What Else Does Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) Do?
Vasoactive intestinal peptide also plays a critical role in a number of functions throughout your entire body. Some of VIP’s most remarkable functions include:3,4,5,6
- Vasodilation: VIP is able to effectively influence your smooth muscles. VIP has a powerful dilating effect – causing the smooth muscle in your blood vessels, respiratory tract, digestive tract, and other organs to dilate and relax.
- Circadian regulation: VIP plays a crucial role as a neurotransmitter in your sleep/wake cycle.
- Immune modulation: VIP decreases inflammation by blocking pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increasing the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines.
- Neuroendocrine-immune communication: VIP also bolsters immune health by promoting and enhancing communication channels between your immune system and the rest of your body.
- Regulation of embryonic development: VIP regulates the growth and embryonic development during neural tube closure. This can influence the function and size of the developing fetus’s brain.
Now that you have an understanding of some of the important roles VIP plays in your body, let’s take a look at some of the ways we may be able to harness the power of this peptide.
Therapeutic Uses for Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)
Considering VIP has such widespread and crucial influence, it’s no surprise that this powerful peptide has been the focus of intense research. And this research has uncovered some promising results that could have a significant impact on our ability to treat some hefty conditions. Let’s take a look at a few.
VIP in the Treatment of COVID
VIP is currently being studied as a treatment for the emerging COVID-19 viral infection.
You see, VIP binds to receptors in the cells of your lungs – protecting the cells and the surrounding pulmonary epithelium by inhibiting the virus’s ability to replicate. Once it binds to the cells in your lungs, VIP also blocks the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines, prevents cellular apoptosis, and upregulates the production of a compound known as a surfactant which is crucial for proper oxygenation.7
VIP in the Treatment of Respiratory and Cardiac Conditions
COVID-19 isn’t the only respiratory condition that VIP can have therapeutic uses in. Thanks to its powerful effects on smooth muscle, VIP can reduce vascular and bronchial constriction – improving blood circulation and opening up airways.
Pair this with its potent anti-inflammatory properties and it’s easy to see VIP’s potential in addressing certain respiratory and cardiovascular conditions. There’s growing evidence that VIP may in fact be a powerfully effective treatment for conditions like pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).8
VIP in the Treatment of Mold Toxicity and Related CIRS
Exposure to toxic mold can lead to the persistent immune response known as chronic inflammatory response syndrome, or CIRS. This unrelenting inflammation can cause debilitating and serious symptoms that can send your body into a downward spiral. But VIP is quickly making its way into the spotlight as a pillar of mold toxicity and CIRS treatment.
Studies have found that restoring appropriate levels of VIP is crucial for downregulating the systemic immune response seen in CIRS. VIP modulates the immune response, balances hormones, and alleviates symptoms.9
VIP in the Treatment of Autoimmune and Degenerative Disorders
VIP is well-known for its effects on inflammation and the immune response. This peptide’s ability to downregulate inflammation, promote a healthy and balanced immune response, and foster effective communication among your immune system and the rest of your body makes VIP a key player in your immune health. And there’s mounting evidence that upping VIP levels can combat and even reverse some of the effects of autoimmune and degenerative disorders like rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.10,11
How Can I Increase My Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Levels?
Maintaining healthy levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide requires a big-picture approach. VIP doesn’t exist in a vacuum, so it’s impossible to simply increase your VIP levels without addressing the entirety of your overall health. So, some of the best ways to support your body’s natural production of VIP is to commit to some healthy lifestyle habits such as:
Building Most of Your Meals Around Health-Boosting Foods:
Processed and sugar-laden foods can throw your whole body out of whack – from your hormones to your gut health. An unhealthy diet can put a damper on your body's production of vital molecules including vasoactive intestinal peptide. Try building most of your meals around foods like:
- Inflammation-fighting vegetables and fruits – fresh or frozen are best. And the more variety the better!
- Satiating healthy fats like avocado, olive oil, and nuts or seeds.
- High-quality protein like grass-fed beef, wild-caught fish, and fresh eggs. I recommend checking out Butcher Box to get fresh quality and ethically raised meat delivered straight to your door. And you can always squeeze in a tasty protein shake for an extra boost of protein.
Focusing on a healthy, well-rounded diet is one of the core pillars of health and will promote healthy and balanced levels of all of your essential hormones and signaling molecules.
Prioritizing Your Gut Health:
It’s no surprise that there’s a direct link between vasoactive intestinal peptide levels and your gut health. Take steps to keep your gut happy and healthy by giving it the tools it needs to maintain a strong secure intestinal wall and a flourishing healthy microbiome. I recommend:
- Taking a daily probiotic
- Regularly getting a healthy dose of collagen
- Incorporating supplements like Gut Immune and Gut Calm
- Eating gut-friendly fermented foods like kombucha and sauerkraut
Simple tweaks to your lifestyle can make monumental impacts on your gut health – which then have a positive effect on just about every other aspect of your health.
Logging Plenty of Sleep
Sleep deprivation is a surefire way to leave all of your body systems running on empty. Sleep is an often-overlooked pillar that’s essential for overall well-being. So don’t skimp on your sleep.
If you have a hard time falling asleep, there are several ways to naturally “hack” your way to a better night's rest. Here are a few of my favorites:
- LipoCalm: This premium sleep formula contains a powerful blend of botanicals perfectly calibrated to help you drift off more quickly and get a more restful slumber.
- Dream Powder: This innovative formula supports your body’s natural production of hormones and neurotransmitters (like catecholamines and GABA) that help you ease into a more relaxed state and get better quality sleep.
- Sleep Essentials: This comprehensive formula naturally promotes and enhances your sleep cycle by boosting your synthesis of sleep-supporting compounds like serotonin, melatonin, and GABA.
- PEMF Therapy: Pulsed electromagnetic therapy directs pulsated bursts of electromagnetic energy into your cells. This pulsating energy can actually help shift your brain waves into a more relaxed state and help lull you into a deep, tranquil sleep.
These all-natural sleep-boosting aids can help you get the recommended 7-8 hours of high-quality sleep your body needs to function optimally.
Concerned About Your Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Levels?
If you’re concerned about your VIP levels or have a condition (like those listed above) that you think may benefit from treatment with vasoactive intestinal peptide, I cannot overemphasize the importance of working with an experienced integrative and functional medicine practitioner. They will help you identify any “upstream” issues causing your “downstream” symptoms.
And if vasoactive intestinal peptides could potentially help you address the root cause, your functional medicine practitioner will help you come up with the best plan to begin treatment. There are a number of ways to take vasoactive intestinal peptide – whether it's inhaled through a nebulizer or nasal spray or taken in a pill form. A functional medicine practitioner will work with you to develop a treatment plan specifically for your unique condition.
If you’re new to the functional medicine approach or aren’t sure how to go about finding the right doctor for you, I suggest heading over and reading my article How to Choose a Good Integrative and Functional Medicine Doctor.
When It Comes to Your Health, You’re in the Driver’s Seat
Vasoactive intestinal peptide is a fascinating and powerful molecule that’s showing promising results when it comes to addressing various serious health concerns. And while this mighty peptide is certainly shaping up to be a powerful tool, at the end of the day it is exactly that – a tool in our toolbelt.
True health requires a big-picture, top to bottom approach. There’s no single molecule, or pill, or lifestyle “hack” that can bring you vibrant health. Truly radiant health starts with you in the driver’s seat, making the day-to-day choices that support your well-being – physically, emotionally, and spiritually.
And that’s why I’m dedicated to empowering my patients and readers with the tools they need to create their own vibrantly healthy lives. If you enjoyed this article, head over to my blog – it’s chock-full of fascinating science-backed articles just like this one. And if you’re ready to take it even deeper, you can sign up for my newsletter and get all my best tips and resources delivered directly to your inbox. All you have to do is enter your name and email address in the form below.
Now it’s time to hear from you. Were you surprised to hear all of the roles vasoactive intestinal peptides play in our bodies and health? What steps are you taking to support healthy VIP levels? Leave your questions and thoughts in the comments below!
References:
- Frontiers | Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Deficiency Is Associated With Altered Gut Microbiota Communities in Male and Female C57BL/6 Mice | Microbiology (frontiersin.org)
- Recent advances in vasoactive intestinal peptide physiology and pathophysiology: focus on the gastrointestinal system (nih.gov)
- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
- Role of vasoactive intestinal peptide in osteoarthritis | Journal of Biomedical Science | Full Text (biomedcentral.com)
- Definition of vasoactive intestinal peptide – NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms – National Cancer Institute
- Frontiers | Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Deficiency Is Associated With Altered Gut Microbiota Communities in Male and Female C57BL/6 Mice | Microbiology (frontiersin.org)
- VIP: A COVID-19 Therapeutic that Blocks Coronavirus Replication by Jonathan Javitt, Jihad G. Youssef :: SSRN
- Prospect of vasoactive intestinal peptide therapy for COPD/PAH and asthma: a review | Respiratory Research | Full Text (biomedcentral.com)
- (PDF) Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) corrects chronic inflammatory response syndrome (CIRS) acquired following exposure to water-damaged buildings (researchgate.net)
- Role of vasoactive intestinal peptide in osteoarthritis | Journal of Biomedical Science | Full Text (biomedcentral.com)
- The Anti-Inflammatory Mediator, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Modulates the Differentiation and Function of Th Subsets in Rheumatoid Arthritis (nih.gov)
* These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. The product mentioned in this article are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. The information in this article is not intended to replace any recommendations or relationship with your physician. Please review references sited at end of article for scientific support of any claims made.
28 Comments
Dear Dr Jill,
Thank you very much for one more interesting article.
I would like to draw your attention on one point. Surely, there are people with insufficient levels of VIP, and it’s interesting to hear about its beneficial effects, but there are also people with elevated levels. Notably, this can happen as a result of mold toxicity (this is my case). I am aware that Dr Schoemaker has shown that, for many patients suffering from mold toxicity, VIP levels are low, and supplementation may be recommended. But it has also been shown that VIP levels are higher than normal in people with IBS (see for example 31. Zhang H, Yan Y, Shi R, et al., Digestion. 2008;78:72–6), and mold toxicity can certainly cause IBS (and mast cell activation). Do you have any views on this?
yes, of course! The VIP levels should be checked by your doctor before prescribing.
I have high-normal levels, yet my mold doc thinks I can benefit from taking VIP. I never understood why.
Hello Dr. Carnahan, I would like to know if VIP would be of help in IFP (Ideopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis) ? My wife, a retired RN (MSKCancer Ctr) has IFP. What else can be of help?
I will appreciate your help very much.
Thank you.
Dinyar Dalal
dinyardalal@gmail.com
(914) 573-1042
Hi Dinyar
Best to speak with your pulmonologist about this. VIP may increase histamine or nitric oxide but otherwise generally safe
warmly,
Dr. Jill
Great article!
Do you need to check for VIP levels before administering VIP if suspect CIRS?
Yes, best to have your physician order levels and monitor pancreatic function by testing lipase after your first dose
This was a awesome right on time read for me. Thank you for the enlightenment. This particularly has my attention because I have Multiple Sclerosis and Hereditary Pancreatitis!
Any thoughts if VIP can help? And which specialist can be the ordering physician?
Hi Tracey,
Unfortunately you should not use VIP if you have pancreatitis. That is a contraindication.
I hope you are feeling well
Warmly
Dr Jill
I’m intrigued! VIP sounds like something I need. I was diagnosed with SIBO in 2004 and have had symptoms on and off to this day. In 2018 it came back with a vengeance after food poisoning. Treated with 2 Doctors of Oriental Medicine with little improvement. It wasn’t until I heard about the Organic Acids Test that I requested one and found out I had high levels of mold in my system. No wonder I wasn’t getting better. Now I need a mold expert to treat me. Definitely will request VIP!
Does anyone know why mold doctors put people on VIP for biotoxin illness even when their VIP is high-normal? How can it help when they already have above average levels?
If you have elevated VIP your physician should do a work-up to rule out VIPoma and not give you VIP
Jill
Wonderful VIP summary. Are you aware of any clinical experience of nebulized VIP verses Nasal VIP for covid treatment.
Be well I love your writing style Dom Costabile DO
Thanks for a great article. It seems that peptides are harder and harder to come by. From where do you source yours?
Blessings,
Jason
Dear Dr Jill, I am taking VIP Rx
prescribed by a Shoe Doc. I asked him this question but he did not know the answer: do I still need to take DIM for estradiol dissemination if I am on VIP? I have been on bioidentical hormone replacement for a number of years for osteopenia which was caused by mold. I would sure appreciate your insight. Thank you so much!
Yes, DIM has different mechanism of action and may be useful for detoxification on estradiol while on VIP
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide has demonstrated an immediate clinical response in some patients with COVID-19 respiratory failure. A response of this magnitude has previously not been seen with an antiviral agent and is akin to the first reports of penicillin in treating pneumococcal pneumonia. Similar results have been demonstrated in acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by sepsis. Aviptadil, a synthetic form of human Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) has been granted FDA Fast Track Designation and emergency IND authorization for the treatment of Critical COVID-19 with respiratory failure and is now in phase 2/3 clinical trials, with initial determinations of safety and non-futility. VIP binds uniquely to VPAC1 receptors on Alveolar Type II cells in the lung, the same cells that bind the SARS-CoV-2 virus via their ACE2 receptors. VIP protects those cells and the surrounding pulmonary epithelium by inhibiting replication of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, blocking cytokine synthesis, preventing apoptosis, and upregulating the production of surfactant, which is critical to pulmonary oxygenation. Because of its lack of toxicity and low cost of manufacture compared to proprietary biologics, VIP may be uniquely attractive to those focused on global countermeasures against COVID-19 and future threats.
https://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=704004065004022011082004073015095101050000093043060085030072103000064093030098083022028107099061116032008085123066085081018080102052030015033021097022071004070113022053051047017099086010124104025000084089069028093085110003088108067018103105097122091098&EXT=pdf&INDEX=TRUE
Dr Jill,
What causes the increase in histamine with VIP use and what do you do in the event of this? Does marcons play a role in upregulation of histamine with VIP use or are there other exposures that should be of concern? I am currently dealing with this issue and my physicians are confused by it. They say the VIP should turn down the upregualtion of my histamine gene
Hi Marcus,
This is my clinical experience in some patients with mast cell issues but it would be hard to tell you exact mechanism – there are some research articles like this that talk about both.
warmly
Dr. Jill
Cleared Marcons, cleared mold environment.
Started VIP after lipase blood test.
Nasal congestion began after 5 days making sleep difficult. Stopped for 5 days to try to clear congestion & it will not go away. I’m not sure what to do as I want to take the VIP, but can’t afford to have sleep disturbance (already take 50 mg Trazedone).
Any help appreciated,
Angie
VIP is not the magic answer to everyone and I see at least 2/3 of patients respond neutral or poorly with no improvement on VIP. If you feel better, great to continue but if not, I recommend stopping VIP immediately. I have seen it increase histamine in some patients.
Where can I get VIP nasal spray? My doctor in Colorado Springs prescribed it but only seems to be available at a pharmacy in TX and it’s $215.00 plus overnight shipping for a 1-month supply. Desperately needing this, as I’m 75 and VERY ill.
Compounded VIP nasal spray is by prescription only and should be used only with doctor supervision
Can vip cause tinnitus or make existing tinnitus spike? Thx
yes, this is possible
Hi Kelly, has your tinnitus settled or gone away? Are you still taking VIP? Or get a lower dose?
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